In developing countries, small towns often face significant challenges in ensuring proper sanitation for their communities. Among these challenges, fecal sludge management (FSM) is an often overlooked aspect of planning, where solid waste takes precedence. However, it is crucial to emphasize the importance of FSM. The WASH SDG is working on FSM interventions in Agago district, and so far some lessons have been learnt. Here are the reasons why small towns must prioritize FSM to address health concerns, foster sustainable development, and uplift their communities, with a specific focus on small towns in Uganda. 

Improving Public Health: Lack of proper sanitation infrastructure poses significant health risks in small towns. Inadequate FSM contributes to the spread of waterborne diseases like cholera, typhoid, and diarrhoea. Prioritizing FSM ensures the implementation of safe practices, preventing water contamination, and reducing disease transmission. Proper FSM significantly improves public health outcomes, enhancing overall well-being within the community. 

Environmental Protection: Small towns in developing countries often lack sewerage systems, relying on on-site sanitation solutions such as pit latrines and septic tanks. Insufficient FSM allows faecal sludge to pollute water bodies, soil, and groundwater, endangering ecosystems and clean water resources. By prioritizing FSM, small towns can adopt sustainable treatment and disposal methods, safeguarding the environment and preserving vital water sources. 

Sustainable Development: FSM is crucial for achieving sustainable development goals. Prioritizing FSM enables small towns to address sanitation challenges effectively and in an environmentally friendly manner. Accessible and adequate sanitation services are essential for human dignity, public health, and economic prosperity. Improved FSM practices foster social and economic progress, providing clean and healthy living environments that promote overall development within small towns. 

Economic Benefits: Investing in FSM brings significant economic advantages to small towns in developing countries. Implementing proper faecal sludge management systems creates employment and entrepreneurial opportunities in the sanitation sector. Jobs like septic tank emptying, transportation, and treatment services generate income and improve livelihoods within the community. Additionally, by preventing waterborne diseases, FSM reduces healthcare costs and productivity losses, facilitating economic growth and prosperity. 

Capacity Building and Knowledge Transfer: Prioritizing FSM necessitates developing local capacities and knowledge. It encourages training and engagement of local technicians, service providers, and community members in implementing effective FSM practices. Empowering individuals fosters ownership and enables small towns to build sustainable systems, creating resilient communities capable of managing their sanitation needs effectively.